"Diabetes is not two types, five kinds" ... Presenting new diagnosis and customized treatment
There are five different types of diabetes, two of which are known to cause diabetes. There are different causes, symptoms, and complications, and therefore different treatments.
A team of researchers from the Lund University School of Medicine in Sweden has published the findings in a recent issue of Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, which may change the paradigm of diabetes diagnosis and treatment.
Diabetes is abnormally high blood glucose (blood sugar) concentration.
If your blood sugar is high, your thirst, urination, and weight loss will occur. In the long run, various complications such as kidney and liver disease, arteriosclerosis and glaucoma will appear.
Typically, diabetes is divided into two types.
Type 1 is a type of autoimmune disease that does not produce insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar.
It is very closely related to heredity, and it is also known as childhood diabetes, which occurs since childhood.
The more common type 2 is that insulin is less produced or insulin resistant and glucose is not absorbed by human cells.
Along with heredity, obesity and lifestyle habits play a major role, and adults are also referred to as adult diabetes.
There have been studies showing that there is a different type of type 2 diabetes in the meantime, but it has not been distinguished clearly and applied different diagnosis and treatment methods.
Professor Grab compared 13,270 diabetic patients in Sweden and Finland to a variety of factors including insulin secretion and resistance.
As a result, we concluded that there were 5 species, including 3 severe and 2 milds.
A type (the name for convenience) is 'autoimmune disease diabetes mellitus', which is an autoimmune disease like generalized diabetes mellitus, but appears to be adult.
Type B is 'severe insulin deficiency diabetes'.
This is similar to autoimmune disease diabetes in terms of low body mass index (BMI), insulin deficiency and early onset, but there is no antibody that is evidence of autoimmune disease.
"It's not the best treatment, but it's almost as fast as people with type 1 diabetes," said the researchers. "It's the most common type B drug among people taking metformin (representative hypoglycemic agents).
Type C is 'severe insulin-resistant diabetes', which is associated with obesity, and the body cells tend to not respond to insulin.
It has the greatest risk of liver disease and chronic kidney disease.
The researchers found that patients with type C had the greatest effect of metformin, but the actual dose was relatively low.
Type D is characterized by a high BMI with 'mild obesity-related diabetes' and type E is 'mild aging-related diabetes', which is mainly found in the elderly, accounting for 40% of total diabetes.
Two mild diabetes mellitus can be managed with metformin and improved lifestyle.
The researchers found that these five species are very different, including genetic differences and the risk of complications.
Therefore, as the importance of 'Precision Medicine', which considers individual differences in disease management, becomes increasingly important, we emphasized that 'diabetes management should be customized management' which is different according to the type and individual difference.
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