Outline of heart defect
One of the 120 babies is born with a heart defect. Some are serious, but most are not. Defects include malformations of blood vessels entering or exiting the wall, valve, or heart of the heart.
1. Symptoms that can be found include lack of breast milk, dyspnea, blue skin, normal growth or inability to exercise, fast heart rate, syncope, and growing chest pain.
2. During the test, your doctor may be able to identify heart murmurs or other abnormal sounds, fast heartbeat, fast or faint breathing, weak pulse and/or liver hypertrophy.
3. Ultrasonography helps to identify almost all heart defects.
4. The treatment involves a cardiac incision in the case of a severe defect, a conduit with a balloon at the end to open or expand the valve or vein, a device with a conduit to block a specific hole or extra vein, or a drug.
Normal fetal circulation:
Fetal blood flow is different from blood flow in children and adults.
In pediatrics and adults, all blood returning to the heart (less oxygen in the veins of blue blood) passes through the right atrium, through the right ventricle, and into the lungs through the pulmonary artery. In the lungs, the blood absorbs oxygen from the lungs of the lungs (alveoli) and releases carbon dioxide (oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange). This blood, rich in oxygen and reddish, leaves the lungs and returns to the left atrium and left ventricle, where blood is supplied from the heart to the body through a large artery called the aorta and a smaller artery.
The fetus is in the uterus without air to breathe. Instead, the fetus is fed with oxygen-filled blood through the umbilical cord in the maternal placenta, and the body fluid is in the lungs. Because the fetus does not breathe, only a small amount of blood is needed to pass through the lungs, so the fetus uses a different pathway in which blood circulates through the heart and lungs.
Before birth, a large amount of venous blood entering the right side of the heart bypasses the fluid-filled lungs and passes through two shortcuts to reach the fetal body. These shortcuts are:
1. An open space (a hole between the upper right atrium and left atrium)
2. The ducts (blood vessels connecting the two large arteries [the pulmonary artery and the aorta] exiting the heart)
These shortcuts allow venous blood to mix with blood that has already moved to the lungs. In the case of the fetus, since the blood reaching the heart has already been supplied with oxygen from the placenta, both venous and arterial blood contain oxygen, so there is no change in the amount of oxygen that can be supplied to the body by the mixture of arterial blood and venous blood. This changes immediately after birth. While passing through the acid, fluid is squeezed out from the lungs of the newborn. The first breath of the newborn infuses the lungs with air and oxygen. When the umbilical cord is cut, the placenta (and maternal circulatory system) no longer leads to the circulatory system of the newborn baby, and oxygen of the newborn infants comes in through the lungs. Therefore, the momentum and the ductus arteriosus are no longer needed, usually closed within weeks of the first day of life, and the circulation of the newborn becomes identical to that of the adult. Sometimes the ball does not close (called the open zone), but the open zone does not usually cause health problems.
Type of heart defect:
The deformed heart changes normal blood flow from the lung to the body through:
1. Blood flow short formation
2. Blood flow path change
3. Blood flow blocking (occurs when heart valve or blood vessel defect)
Blood flow short formation:
Paragraphs are generally categorized as follows:
1. Right
2. Left and right
The right arm is involved in pumping oxygen-deficient blood to the right side of the heart with oxygen-rich blood and pumping it into the body tissue. The greater the amount of blood (blue) that lacks oxygen in the body, the bluer the body, especially the lips, tongue, skin and nail base. Many heart defects are characterized by a change in skin color (called cyanosis). Cyanosis indicates that blood that does not have enough oxygen is reaching tissues that require oxygen. The congenital deficiency of the heart, which often causes cyanosis, is the fourth sign of Palo.
The left and right shorts are mixed with oxygen-rich blood supplied through high pressure from the left side of the heart and oxygen-deficient blood supplied to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. Left and right shunts make circulation ineffective and increase the amount of blood flowing into the lungs, which in some cases causes high pressure in the pulmonary artery. Over time, many bloodstreams and high pressures can damage the blood vessels of the lungs and cause heart failure by overcoming the right side of the heart (heart failure: the problem of sending and filling blood). Examples of disorders where the left and right shorts occur include ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and atrioventricular septal defects.
Blood flow path change:
In the great artery potential, the normal connections connecting the aorta and the pulmonary artery to the heart are reversed. In other words, the aorta that supplies blood to the body is connected to the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery that supplies blood to the lungs is connected to the left ventricle. As a result, oxygen-deficient blood circulates through the body and oxygen-rich blood circulates between the lungs and the heart, and the rest of the body does not circulate.
Blood flow blocking:
Blocking can occur in the heart valve or blood vessels from the heart. The blood flow to the next may be interrupted.
1. Pulmonary artery stenosis (pulmonary artery stenosis) or narrowing of the pulmonary artery itself (pulmonary artery stenosis)
2. Aortic stenosis (aortic stenosis) or aortic stenosis (aortic stenosis) due to the aorta through the blood flow to the body through the aorta
3. Blood flow into the heart due to narrowing of the tricuspid (right heart) or mitral (left heart)
Blocking blood flow can lead to heart failure. Heart failure does not mean the heart stops beating and is not the same as a heart attack. Heart failure means that the heart is unable to deliver blood normally. As a result, blood can flow back into the lungs. Heart failure can also occur if the heart contracts too weakly (for example, if the baby's heart muscle is weak).
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